The Depth Of The Teacher s Knowledge - 995 Words

What does the evidence indicate about the depth of the teacher s knowledge of the content? 1. Describe the content focus of the selected lesson and its importance in the overall context of the content area. (Rubric 1.2 B) The focus of the content of this lesson was the Constitutional principle Federalism. Federalism is the division of governmental power between a central government and several regional (state) governments. Federalism explains what powers belong to the federal government, to the states and powers of which they act upon concurrently. Federalism lays out expressed, implied, and inherent powers of the federal government Federalism explains and elaborates on the relationship between the states and the national government, and interstate relations. Federalism is one of the six basic principles of the Constitution of which are necessary to understand in order to begin to discuss the rationale behind the Constitution as well as American Government as a whole. This unit involves the historical rationale the framers used to create the concept and expands into actual historical and current examples of Federalism. The concept allows students to understand how the government uses the Constitution in real situations. The Supremacy Clause, creates a hierarchy of government where no law can violate the Constitution. Full Faith and Credit, and Privileges and immunities Clauses that make sure individual states are cooperating with each other and do not act likeShow MoreRelatedVocabulary Is An Essential Part Of Learning A Language1500 Words   |  6 Pagestesting. It can help teachers and administrators set appropriate targets for learning so that learners can have the language skills that are expected. It can help teachers and learners m onitor progress so they can tell whether they have achieved the kind of knowledge needed for an examination. It can even help academics to understand the nature of language knowledge and the learning process. (Milton, 2009). Schmitt et al. (2011:106) support this view in saying that â€Å"vocabulary knowledge can be conceptualizedRead MoreSocial Studies And Its Impact On Society994 Words   |  4 Pagesmajor topic of concern within this field known as depth vs. coverage. When it comes to not only keeping the students interested but also making it worth their time, I believe that depth is key. Teachers are exposed to training, studies, and even have this information presented to them in lesson format but that does not mean they use it. Teachers using coverage, as their method of teaching are not giving students any students the adequate knowledge or information to be able to appropriately incorporateRead MoreTesting Controls Much Of The Academic Career Of A Student1203 Words   |  5 Pagesstandardized test works. 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This form of teaching has not really helped students succeed especially when they get to the college level. It has not let students think about what they are learning and think critically about everything they are learning. The banking concept way of teaching has only let students learn a ton of materials but not so much in depth because of a lack of time andRead MoreThe Common Core State Standards Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesskipping classes and school all together. These actions obviously show their refusal to work with the new standards. While there are many teachers who are happy with these standards, students still need to be convinced, and teachers can help this by supporting Common Core State Standards. This in turn may help students understand their subjects better, and give teachers a more attentive and active class. With CCSS being present in 2016 in most states it is of relevance to take it in to considerationRead MorePublic Health Advocate For Sexual Education927 Words   |  4 Pagesshould be the primary sexual educator(s) of their children. Parents or guardians feel that their children will be embarrassed and uncomfortable discussing this is a class room setting. According to â€Å"â€Å"Stop embarrassing me!† Relations Among Student Perceptions of Teachers, Classroom Goals, and Maladaptive Behaviors,† by Jeanne Friedels, Roxana Marachi, and Carol Midgely, students actively avoid asking questions that they feel would demonstrate a lack of knowledge or ability, and as a result leave themRead MoreAshlyfive point linguistic star Essay examples635 Words   |  3 Pagesapproach suggested by Kevin Clark proposes that teachers explicitly teach ELL by giving them a set of skills. Teacher will have to teach students not just vocabulary, but the sound system of language, the words and their word parts and meanings, and also rules for structuring sentences grammatically. Teaching students from this perspective can support a deeper understanding of the language. When the concept is thoroughly supported by background knowledge, explanation as to why, activities that strengthen

Online Shopping Is Affecting The Viability Of Physical...

CQUNIVERSITY AUSTRALIA DEB 1 Research Essay 1,016 words Teacher Mary Brennan Page 2 This is evidence that online shopping is affecting the viability of physical storefronts to stay in business. Identify the main problems and offer solution. There are a growing number of people choosing online shopping and this growing trend has emerged all over the world over the last few decades. Online shopping cuts a lot of hassle and stress out of going to the store but also has a possibility of charging more so people are more and more interested meanwhile many would argue that it is an easy alternative to leaving the house and going to the mall. Online shopping is making things much easier in terms of time. The only thing you have to do is go to the†¦show more content†¦So storefronts can do the shipping for free then people will turn to more interested. For example, a customer went shopping to a mall and saw a hat- afterwards he wants to buy he can order by making a call to the shop. It is very comfortable and the customer can trust the store because he already saw t he hat. But with online shopping people never see the product before so they can-not trust that the product is the same one in the website or not. In this strategy, storefronts can attack online shopping on the point that people can buy things from their home or everywhere they want. Secondly, Storefront businesses should open more branch shops because it is easy for customers to go to the shop nearest their home and they will see the real product after which they can make a decision to buy it. The weakness of online shopping is that you have to be really careful in choosing the site from which you want to buy the things you need. Some sites just lose your money and will not give you anything. Another problem is the quality of the things you get. For instance, if you order food and you get an old or bad item you are able to send it back but you will not get anything for that. However, if the things you are looking for are not far away from your house it must be easier and better to buy from the shop than the internet because you do not have to wait forShow MoreRelatedeCommerce Developments and Themes10793 Words   |  44 Pagespersonalization/customization Types of E-commerce Classified by nature of market relationship B2C B2B C2C Involves online businesses attempting to reach individual consumers Involves businesses focusing on selling to other businesses Provides a way for consumers to sell to each other, with the help of an online market maker Many types of business models within this category including online retailers, content providers, portals, transaction brokers, service providers, market creators and communityRead MoreStrategic Management and Information Systems19841 Words   |  80 Pagesinformation technology. †¢ If your career is in finance and accounting, you will be developing and managing strategic products and services that are largely based on information systems such as wealth management, financial advising, risk management systems, online financial services, and credit services. †¢ If your career is in human resources, you will be working with systems that could give your firm a strategic edge by providing information and communication capabilities that lower the cost of managing employeesRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesDigital Signals 63 Speed of Transmission 64 Types of Transmission Lines Transmission Media 65 65 Topology of Networks Types of Networks Network Protocols 70 72 86 The Exploding Role of Telecommunications and Networking 88 Online Operations Connectivity 88 89 Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Commerce 89 Marketing 89 The Telecommunications Industry 90 Review Questions 92 †¢ Discussion Questions 92 †¢ Bibliography 93 Chapter 4 The Data Resource Read MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagesintervals, based on the percentage of work completed. Thus, their revenue cycles must be designed to track carefully all work performed and the amount of work remaining to be done. Service companies (e.g., public accounting and law firms) do not sell physical goods and, therefore, do not need inventory control systems. They must develop and maintain detailed records of the work performed for each customer to provide backup for the amounts billed. Tracking individual employee time is especially importantRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . 269 Plateauing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Mentoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Health and Safety Issues in the Library . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Physical Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Job-Related Mental Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Burnout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Violence and Crime

Spc2608 Exam Two Study Guide Free Essays

Chapter 24: Persuasive Speaking Goal: reach desired ends through an honest means I. Persuasion ‘the art’ –faculty of observing in a given case the available means of persuasion. Persuasion is symbolic, non-coercive (not forced) influence 3 factors: Context—social, cultural, political climate Agent—persuader Receiver—audience **Equal opp. We will write a custom essay sample on Spc2608 Exam Two Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now To persuade, Complete revelation of agendas—let audience know complete list of goals and how you intend to get audience there, Critical receivers—have to understand what’s being said Responsible agent—takes communication seriously Take responsibility for what is said and deal with consequences Fosters informed choice—gives all sides Appeals to the best in people—not the worst Consider receiver Aware of attempts to influence—be aware of motives Informed about important topics Know their own biases—know what predisposes us—careful not to engage in defensive listening Aware of methods of persuasion Influence the beliefs, attitude, and acts of others Focus on motivation: What motivates listeners? Make your message personally relevant Demonstrate the benefit of change Set modest goals Target issues the audience feels strongly about Establish credibility II. Speeches built upon argument, 3 forms of appeals: Logos, Ethos, Pathos Logos—appeal to reason or logic, *Aristotle wished that all appealing done through LOGOS *Our ability to articulate rationality, appealing to logic and using reasoning to persuade Ethos—credibility, moral character. To establish speaker credibility: * Present topics honestly, establish identification, commonality, and goodwill, use personal knowledge Pathos—emotional states of audience. Pride, love, anger etc. rive our actions–Done through vivid imagery **Aristotle said: Two main sources of immediate emotion= LOVE AND FEAR Syllogism— Major premise obvious statement Minor premiseextension of major premises logic Conclusionderived from above two MAIN ONE: All humans are mortal Socrates is human Socrates is mortal RHETORICAL SYLLOGISM=Enthymeme * Created by Aristotle * He claims that this communicates without saying EVERYTHING—audience can fill in blanks * Idea is that we can fill in the blank ourselves—that process is powerful—us persuading ourselves 3 cornerstones of ethical fitness: Credibility-confidence, character, ETHOS (as speaker)—worthy of trust *Makes people want to listen to us, tend to it with care Integrity—a state of incorruptibility—should signal that we are willing to avoid compromising the truth for the sake of personal expediency Stability—respect for others, cooperation, self-sacrifice Being audience centered—to whom and for whom, worthy, honored, and respected as individuals III. Target listener needs Maslow’s hierarchy of needs—each of us has a basic set of needs that range from crucial to self-improving. Ex. To convince one to use seatbelts, appeal to ones need for safety. basic needs: Physiological, Safety, Social, Self-esteem, and Self-actualization IV. Mental Engagement Central processing: seriously consider your message, more likely to act Peripheral processing: Lack motivation to judge argument based on merits—most likely won’t experience meaningful change **For Central processing Link argument to practical concerns, present message at appropriate level of understanding, demonstrate common bond, stress credibility V. Sound arguments—offer conclusion, evidence, link to reasoning Claim: states conclusion w/ evidence. A line of reasoning is called a warrant. Fact: Focus on truth/lie, what will/won’t happen—address issue with 2+ sides Value: Address judgment issues, right VS wrong Policy: recommend specific course of action—propose specific outcome Deductive reasoning: begin with general principle, use specifics, lead to conclusion Inductive: from specific to generalizations supported—evidence pointing to conclusion VI. Logical fallacy: false statement leading to invalid reasoning Begging the question—argument stated so that it cannot help but be true, even without evidence Bandwagoning—uses unsubstantiated opinion as false evidence Either-or—gives only two alternatives Ad hominem argument—targets a person and not the argument Red herring—relies on irrelevant premise for conclusion Hasty generalization—argument where, in an isolated incidence, it proves true and is used to make an unwarranted general conclusion Non sequitur—â€Å"does not follow† conclusion doesn’t = reasoning Slippery slope—fault assumption that one case will lead to events or actions Appeal to tradition—Suggest audience should agree b/c its â€Å"the way its always been† Addressing core values: Cultural norms, cultural premises, emotions **BE SENSITIVE VII. Monroe’s Motivated sequence: 5 step process, arouse listener attention + end with call of action—effective when you want audience to do something Step 1 attention, addresses core concerns, relevance, credibility, etc. Step 2 Need, describes issue at hand, shows importance of need Step 3 Satisfaction, identify solution—proposal Step 4 Visualization, vision of anticipated outcome Step 5 Action, ask audience to act in accordance to acceptance of message 4 pillars of character: Trustworthiness—being honest, revealing the true purpose. Honest and dependable Respect–recognize audience members are unique—NO PERSONAL ATTACKS, allow audience power of rational choice Responsibility—accountability for what we say and do—offering appropriate appeals Fairness—acknowledge all sides of issue—giving the audience enough information to make a decision **In addition—Caring and Citizenship Caring—being kind and compassionate Citizenship—doing our part as citizens Chapter 16: Using Language I. Style * Simplicity—translate jargon into common terms * Be concise—use fewer words, use repetition * Personal pronouns—Draw audience in, encourage involvement Concrete language VS Abstract Concrete: conveys specific and tangible meanings * Abstract: general, leaves meaning to interpretation Imagery—concrete language that paints pictures * Figures of speech: metaphors, similes, and analogies where words are used in nonliteral fashion to achieve rhetorical effect Code switching: selective use of dialect that can give your speech friendliness, humor, earthiness, nostalgia, etc. AVOID: * Malapropisms—incorrect uses of word where it sounds like it fits * Biased language * Unnecessary Jargon II. Voice—active, indicates subject relation to action Use culturally sensitive and gender-neutral language, shows respect for beliefs, norms, and traditions Repetition to create rhythm—repeating key words or phrases to create distinctive rhythm and enforce idea into minds of listeners * Anaphora: Repeated phrase at beginning of successive phrases/clauses/sent. Ex. I Have A Dream-MLK Alliteration for poetic quality—Repetition of same sounds in 2+ neighboring words * Ex. â€Å"Down with dope, up with hope†-Jesse Jackson Parallelism—arrangement of words/phrases in similar form Helps to emphasize important ideas of the speech, creates rhythm * Ex. Orally numbering points Device of antithesis (One small step for man, one giant leap for man kind) * Repeating a key word in intro, body, and conclusion Chapter 25: Speaking on special occasions Speech that is prepared for a purpose dictated by the occasion, can be informative or persuasive **Commemorative speech—pays tribute with fundamental purpose to inspire audience Employ imagery—stylistic devices, varied rhythm * Antithesis, alliteration, assonance * Hyperbole—deliberately overstating in a fanciful way * Analogy Use fresh language—avoid overused phrases, select words that capture the thought * Avoid monotony, vary rhythm, use humor When using humor: * Familiarize self with devices of humor—exaggeration, iron, anti-statement, joke telling * Analyze our own talents when delivering humorous speeches—focus on what other people think is funny about you, not what YOU think is funny * Avoid humor pitfalls—steer clear of anything offensive * Use humorous everyday experiences—relatable Consider audience—To whom/for whom we speak * Address audience in ways that will resonate with them * Use mood to craft an appropriate message ** Meaning is created in the nexus between speaker and audience I.Special Occasion Speech function To entertain, celebrate, commemorate, inspire or set social agenda * Entertain—listeners expect light-hearted, amusing speech. Speaker offers degree of insight on topic * Celebrate—Speaker praises subject of celebration—a degree of ceremony in accordance with norms of the occasion * Commemorate—offer tribute and memories * Inspire—ex. Inaugural address, key note speech, commencement—motivate by examples of achievement * Set social agenda—articulation of goal/group’s values, ex. Fundraisers, banquets, cause oriented gatherings II.Speech of Introduction: Warms up the audience for main speaker, heighten interest, and build credibility FOUR ELEMENTS background, subject of message, occasion, audience * Speaker background—achievements and facts showing why speaker is relevant * Subject, Preview topic—sense of why subject is of interest, does NOT evaluate speech or comment on it * Ask for audience welcome * Be brief—2 minute max. III. Speech of Acceptance—response to an award. Purpose: express gratitude for honor * Prepared in advance * Express what the award means to you, convey its value * Show gratitude, thank people by name IV. Speech of Presentation— (1) communicate meaning of the award and (2) Explain why recipient is receiving it Convey award’s meaning: what it is for and represents, mention sponsors and their link to the award Explain why recipient is receiving it: Highlight achievements, qualifying attributes, and why he deserves it Plan physical presentation: Consider logistics beforehand V. Roast/Toast, roast—humorous tribute that pokes fun, toast—short celebrating speech focused on achievement * Prepare: draft, rehearse, etc. but appear impromptu * Highlight traits: Limit to 1-2 best attributes that convey qualities hat make the person a focus of celebration * Be positive: have a positive tone as it pays tribute to honoree * Be brief VI. Eulogy/other, Eulogy derived from Greek words â€Å"to praise† Usually done by a close friend or family member of deceased Celebrates a person’s life, commemorating while consoling those left behind * Balance delivery and emotion—Audience is seeking guidance dealing with the loss, give them closure. * Refer to family of deceased—Show respect and mention names, as the funeral is primarily to benefit them * Be positive, but realistic: Emphasize deceased’s positive qualities, but avoid excess praise VII. After Dinner Speech—light hearted and entertaining; listeners are to gain insight into topic. Usually given at some time during a civil, business, or professional meeting as it is to follow a formal dinner * Recognize occasion—speech should be on topic to avoid appearing canned or used over and over in diff. settings. Keep remarks low key to be considerate to those eating VIII. Inspiration Speech—motivate listener to positively consider, reflect on, or act according to speaker’s words. Use emotional force; urge us towards purer motives reminding us of a common good. Appeal to emotions—(1) vivid description and (2) emotionally charged words * Use real stories—Examples of REAL people accomplishing goals and triumphing adversities * Be dynamic—inspire through delivery * Have clear goals * Distinctive organization device—help audience remember message Ex. Acronyms * Dramatic ending—inspires audience to feel or act Persuasion Aristotle, called persuasion â€Å"rhetoric† or â€Å"the art. † Defined as: â€Å"the faculty of observing in a given case the available means of persuasion. † Kenneth Burke: persuasionâ€Å"artful use of the resources of ambiguity. †¦Stay away from specifics; find ways to have the audience identify with the action or side that we want—much like advertising! **Think of â€Å"persuasion as enlightenment—as an opportunity to view a different perspective. †Ã¢â‚¬â€œA chance to create something from nothing by establishing new relationships by sharing experiences, and creating understanding in contentious issues. Ethical Persuasion: Ethical communication and persuasion are an ideal—our communication improves exponentially the closer we get to this ideal. The goal is to reach the desired ends through an honest means. **Persuasion is symbolic, non-coercive influence. Symbolic communication – language is our symbolic representation of reality–Non coercive=not forced, we have a choice. In order for persuasion to occur ethically the target of the persuasive message must have the perception of choice, they must understand that they have a choice whether or not to accept the persuasive appeal. In order for this perception of choice to be a reality, several conditions must be met, if these conditions are not met, then the communicative act is coercion not persuasion. Checklist for responsible persuasion–should do before we engage—ethically, we should aim to ensure certain characteristics/qualities exist. The three factors: I. Context – where, the climate—cultural, political II. Agent – the persuader III. Receiver – audience I. Context (three conditions that must be met for ethical persuasion) 1. Both/All sides should have equal opportunity to persuade (if we only hear one side we have no choice! ) and ALL sides should have equal access to communication media (but in most cases one needs money for this). 2. There should be complete revelation of agendas—each side must notify the audience of its true aims and goals and say how it intends to go about achieving them. This means that you must tell the audience where you want to take them eventually, not just steps along the way—they should know your ultimate aim, so you should divulge aim. 3. The third condition, and most important, is that there must be critical receivers, receivers who test the assertions and evidence available. To be ethical communication there must be people who can evaluate what is being said—an informed public with tools to analyze, or the speaker/agent should provide them tools. It is both the speaker and audiences fault because no one wants to take the time to learn, work, critically evaluate, etc. II. Agent 1. The responsible agent takes communication seriously and is prepared to take responsibility for what is said and to deal with the consequences. 2. Responsible communication fosters informed choice. We should aim to give the audience both sides of the issues we are advocating—to give them all the information that is available and then inform them why our side is better. 3.The responsible agent appeals to the best in people, not the worst. We must be careful not to take advantage of an audience’s fears, ignorance, or biases—if people are coerced they’ll jump ship later. III. Receiver (four things to consider) 1. Responsible receivers are aware of attempts to influence. We must be alert, critical, and constantly aware of the motives of the messages around us and attempts to persuade. 2. Responsible receivers stay informed about important topics. Issues affecting us must be investigated so that we are ready when persuasive messages hit us.  We are the engines of democracy; we must be critical and involved 3. Responsible receivers know their own biases. We must avoid defending against messages simply because a message is unpleasant and or challenges what we believe. We must know what predisposes us to look at things in a certain way, and be careful not to engage in selective listening, etc. This helps us to keep from immediately discounting information. 4. Responsible receivers are aware of methods of persuasion—so we should study and learn methods of persuasion (which you are doing now! ). How to cite Spc2608 Exam Two Study Guide, Essay examples

Lung Cancer Essay Research Paper The Health free essay sample

Lung Cancer Essay, Research Paper The Health Hazards of Smoking Smoking affects a individual # 8217 ; s wellness in many ways, holding both immediate and long term effects. It is a serious dependence, caused by the drug nicotine. Once inhaled, nicotine reaches the encephalon about instantly ( within seven seconds ) . Milligram for mg, the nicotine contained in all coffin nail smoke is more powerful than diacetylmorphine. Worlds have been utilizing baccy for 1,000 old ages or so. Until about 100 old ages ago, most baccy usage was in the signifier of pipe baccy, cigars, masticating baccy and snuff. Those who smoked coffin nails had to turn over their ain, utilizing loose baccy. Then, in 1881, the cigarette-rolling machine was invented and tobacco users went from devouring 40 coffin nails a twelvemonth on norm to over 12,000 each twelvemonth. Hazard from baccy fume is non limited to the tobacco user. It has been estimated that exposure to environmental baccy fume ( ETS ) increases the hazard of lung malignant neoplastic disease by about 30 % ( about 3,000 instances a twelvemonth in the USA ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Lung Cancer Essay Research Paper The Health or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Non-smoking babies and kids who are inveterate exposed to in utero and environmental fume have an increased hazard of respiratory diseases, malignance, and other wellness jobs that consequence in increased hospitalization and yearss lost from school. Non-smoking grownups who are exposed besides hold more respiratory symptoms that are likely to lend to work absenteeism due to illness. Whenever you light up, the nicotine in baccy causes an addition in your bosom rate and blood force per unit area, and the air passages in your lungs constrict, doing it more hard for you to take a breath. As little blood vass constrict, your skin temperature may besides diminish, doing your fingers, toes and tegument to experience cold. Smoking dulls your senses, peculiarly your sense of odor and gustatory sensation. Finally, carcinogens, or malignant neoplastic disease doing agents, and toxic gases, such as C monoxide, come in your blood stream. This can ensue in more rapid oncoming of thorax hurting and perturbation of bosom beat during physical activity or exercising. The long term effects of smoking are really serious. Smoking contributes to assorted respiratory diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, or a shortness of breath and eventual chronic cough ; emphysema, or utmost external respiration trouble and panting for air ; and lung infections, including continual colds, grippe and pneumonia. In add-on, smoking can take to cardiovascular unwellnesss such as bosom disease and arterial disease ( clogged arterias ) . As arterias constrict, there is besides a greater hazard of shot, which consequences in a break of the flow of blood transporting O to the encephalon. In fact, surveies show that tobacco users are two to three times more likely to hold a shot than non-smokers, and the hazard of cardiovascular disease is highest for tobacco users with high blood force per unit area and comparatively high for adult females who smoke and use unwritten preventives. Tobacco usage is the individual most of import preventable hazard to human wellness in developed states, and an of import cause of premature decease worldwide. In states which report deceases attributable to smoking ( stand foring about tierce of the universe # 8217 ; s population ) , one-year deceases from smoking numbered about 1.7 million in 1985, with an estimated 2.1 million in 1995 ( and therefore about 21 million in the decennary 1990-99: 5-6 million in the Europe an Community, 5-6 million in the the USA, 5 million in the former USSR, 3 million in Easter Europe and 2 million elsewhere ) . More than half of these deceases occur in people 35-69 old ages of age. During the 1990 # 8217 ; s, baccy will do about 30 % of all deceases in people aged between 35-69 old ages in developed states ( doing it the largest individual cause of premature decease ) plus about 15 % of all deceases at older ages. In add-on, increasing incidence of smoke in the underdeveloped universe is likely to take to a new epidemic of smoking-related disease. Smoking contributes to the oncoming of many diseases, and is thought to account for 87 % of deceases in lung malignant neoplastic disease, 82 % in chronic clogging pneumonic disease ( COPD ) , 21 % in coronary bosom disease ( CHD ) and 18 % in shot instances. Therefore, one time addicted to nicotine, the tobacco user faces an intolerably increased hazard of respiratory, neoplastic and cardiovascular upsets. Even without open pulmonary symptoms, the tobacco user has a chronic inflammatory disease of the lower air passages with an accelerated diminution in lung map. In add-on to doing lung malignant neoplastic disease, smoke has been linked to other signifiers of malignant neoplastic disease, including malignant neoplastic disease of the voice box ( or voicebox ) ; malignant neoplastic disease of the oral cavity, pharynx and gorge ; and malignant neoplastic disease of the kidneys, pancreas and vesica. Pregnant adult females who smoke have a greater opportunity of abortion or giving birth to stillborn, low- birthweight or premature babes. Recent surveies have besides linked smoke to premature facial wrinkling. In fact, research workers say smoking more than triples the mean individual # 8217 ; s opportunity of premature facial wrinkling, and that the badness of pursing additions with the figure of pack-years, duplicating and in some instances quadrupling depending on the figure of battalions smoked per twenty-four hours over a long period of clip. Smoking besides stains your fingers and dentitions, and leaves a stale odor on your hair, breath and apparels. Surveies indicate that take a breathing second-hand fume, or environmental baccy fume ( ETS ) , can besides present certain hazards. The toxicants in second-hand fume can fire the eyes, nose and pharynx, and cause coughing ; increase the bosom rate ; raise blood force per unit area ; cause concerns ; and upset the tummy. Over clip, take a breathing second-hand fume can increase the hazard of lung jobs, malignant neoplastic disease, bosom onslaughts, and shots. Those with wellness jobs are at greater hazard, peculiarly those with bosom jobs, allergic reactions, or take a breathing jobs, such as asthma. Babies and immature kids may besides be earnestly affected by second-hand fume. Surveies indicate that kids of tobacco users are more likely to hold coughs, colds, lung jobs, ear infections, behaviour jobs, bosom disease and malignant neoplastic disease subsequently in life. But, that # 8217 ; s non all. Smoking besides greatly increases the hazard of bosom disease. There were about 180,000 deceases from cardiovascular disease in 1990 that were caused by coffin nail smoke. And in 1990, smoking caused more than 84,000 deceases from lung diseases such as pneumonia, emphysema, bronchitis, and grippe. There is some good intelligence, nevertheless. If a tobacco user kicks the wont, the decease rate from bosom disease beads to the rate of nonsmokers after 5 old ages. And the rate of malignant neoplastic disease beads to that of the nonsmoker after discontinuing for 10 old ages. 31d

Vodafone Company in the United Kingdom

Introductions An organization strategic position is very important in determining how the organization is going to deal with changes in the local and global market. An organization that has well defined and specified strategies is likely to succeed in maximizing profits and in promoting innovation.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Vodafone Company in the United Kingdom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Competition among organizations in an industry can be quite detrimental to an organization’s success. In order to overcome the various challenges in the business sector, a business should have well defined strategies and objectives in order to fit in the dynamic business world (Sherif, 2006). Business strategies are wide and encompass a wider scope. The main scope of a business strategy will encompass areas which include but not limited to the following: legal position of the business, social and econ omic environments, management structure, and the financial position of the organization (Sherif, 2006). The following research paper is going to evaluate and find out the various strategies taken by Vodafone Company in the United Kingdom in order to realize its goals. The various environments include the legal environment, management structure, operational and financial issues, social and economic environments and the impact of potential change factors. Background information Vodafone is a leading multinational telecommunication company in the United Kingdom. The company has its headquarters in London, UK. Vodafone is the world’s largest telecommunication company in terms of revenues. The company is the world’s second largest company in terms of subscribers, coming second after China Mobiles (Books Llc, 2010).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The compan y has its operations in over 30 countries and has partners with over 38 networks in other countries worldwide. Vodafone has operations in various regions around the world. These regions include Africa and the Middle East, The American region, the Europe region and the Asia- Pacific region. The company deals in a variety of products and services. The main product and services being offered by Vodafone include mobile money transfer services, mHealth solutions, voice calls, data calls, internet services and sell of mobile and related accessories (lbbot, 2007). Discussion The legal environmental The legal environment will always dictate the limits of operations of a business. Various countries have various legal policies, restrictions and guidelines that dictate how an organization should conduct its activities. Any non compliance to these legal policies and guidelines is considered a breach of law which is punishable in courts (Ibbot 2007). Also, various countries have various legal re quirements for registering a business organization. These requirements ensure that a business conducts the legal business activities it was registered for. For any business to be legally recognized, it must meet the set requirements in the region of its operation. In the United Kingdom where Vodafone has its headquarters, there are various legal requirements and policies a business must observe and adhere to. Some legal requirements of a business in the United Kingdom include compliance with paying taxes, conducting the legal business a business was registered to do, protecting the customers from product and services fraud (lbbot, 2007). Like any other company in the United Kingdom, Vodafone UK adheres to the various legal requirements in the United Kingdom. The company has been able to fulfill all the needed legal requirements for registration. The company has also, on several occasions, been named the best tax payer and tax compliance company in the United Kingdom (Books Llc, 2010 ). All the above scenarios indicate the company has a good legal structure and system. It also indicates that the company follows and adheres to various legal policies, requirements, regulations and guidelines. The company has various ways and measures that ensure customers are not exploited and that they get the best services and products.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Vodafone Company in the United Kingdom specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through advertisements and forums, the company is able to enlighten the consumers about their products and services. Also, the company has a well structured complaint system where customers are able to login air their complaints. The complaint systems enable the company to have continuous improvement in their products and services. This eventually leads to the creation of products which adhere to the legal quality standards. The company has also received some ISO: 9001 certificates and recognitions. These recognitions indicate that the company is adhering and is at the forefront in promoting quality products and services to consumers. The company has a faster feedback response system when a customer reports a malfunctioning in a particular product. In some cases, the customer is refunded their money or the product replaced. This is done by the company in a bid to adhere to consumer protection legal policies (Books Llc, 2010). Management structure The management structure may be defined as the arrangement of hierarchy of power in an organization. This structure will largely determine how organizational activities are going to be managed. Managers are the people who are mandated with the task of managing various functional areas within an organization. Managers perform various duties which include planning, controlling and directing among others (LexixNexis, 25). The extent to which these activities are managed will depend on the competence of the managers. If these activities are well managed, then the company is going to perform well in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Vodafone UK success in terms of revenues and clientele base has been attributed to its well qualified management team. The managerial team is made up of highly qualified and specialized individuals. The company management structure is in such a way that it fosters and promotes interaction between the various functional areas. This interaction increases mobility as well as dependence among various functional areas (Flood, 1997). The organization structure is also structured in a way that information flow is two way. The structure fosters information flow upwards and downward the organization chart. The bi-direction flow of information ensures that the managers are furnished with the operational information which they can use to make decisions. The bi-directional flow also ensures that the operations staff is furnished with information about the business policies and decisions (Slaa Klaver, 1992). The bi-directional flow also builds trust between managers and employees. This trust en sures that employees are well motivated and eventually leads to creativity and innovations. Also, the trust creates a sense of belonging where individuals feel part and parcel of the organization. The following diagram illustrates the organization structure of Vodafone Operational and financial position Vodafone UK is one of the best companies in the United Kingdom with the best operational and financial status. The company’s operations are well managed and are of a high standard. The high quality of operations is geared towards the provision of high quality services and products to consumers. The operations at Vodafone are almost real time in the sense that most of the operations are automated. This has increased the response time in the company which guarantees customer satisfaction (Borman Williams, 1994). Also, the company has a feedback mechanism which ensures customers are able to express their complaints and compliments. The company has a well structured quality depa rtment that ensures that the feedback collected is acted upon immediately. This has increased the response time in the company. The company embraces the emergence of new technologies in their operations which ensures that the consumers get the best from the company’s network. The company has been able to embrace new technologies like fibre optics which has high speed in data and voice transfers (Borman Williams, 1994). Vodafone is the world largest telecommunication company in terms of revenues. The company is the world second largest company in terms of subscribers, coming second behind China mobiles. The company has, on several occasions, emerged the best taxpaying company in the United Kingdom. This indicates that the company is performing well in terms of financial capabilities. The company has a strong financial base which has seen the company invest in other regions as well as create partnerships with other networks (Borman Williams, 1994). Social and economic positio n of the company Every business is created with the aim of making profit. Profit making should not be the only major and key focus of businesses. The business should also concentrate on promotion of social corporate responsibility, and business ethics within their area of operations. Vodafone Company is not an exemption. The company has been at the forefront of promoting various social corporate responsibilities like sports. For example, the company has been able to sponsor Manchester United football club as part of the company’s social responsibility (Sherif, 206). As stated earlier, Vodafone Company is one of the best performing companies in the United Kingdom. This has placed the company in a better economic position since the company is able to re-invest the extra profits made in other revenue generation activities. This trend of reinvesting in other countries has made Vodafone the fastest growing telecommunications company in the world. The company has been able to obtai n major shares in various telecommunications companies around the world. Impact of potential change factors For any organization to survive in the current dynamic world, then change is inevitable. A company’s ability to adapt to change is highly determined by the financial as well as the strategic position of the company (LexisNExis, 2005). If the company is strategically placed and has a good financial base, then the company is better placed to adapt to change. On the other hand, if the company is not well strategically placed, and has a weak financial base then the company can be on the brink of collapse (Sherif, 2006). Business changes are not only changes in the technology field but also changes in the physical environment, political changes and economic changes. For example, the company remained stable in the recent global financial crisis period. Despite the economic changes in the global market, the company remained at the forefront in providing its services and produc ts to consumers. The company is also well placed in adapting to changes in information technology. The company has developed mechanism and ways of accommodating the changes in information technology (Flood, 1997). The only threat the company is faced with is the climatic and environmental changes. Climatic and environmental changes affect the company in the sense that they inhibit and reduce the strength of the communication signals. During the winter season, the effect is even diverse since the frozen frost weakens and inhibits the transmission of the communication signals (Flood, 1997). Conclusion and recommendation In conclusion, Vodafone Company has been able to withstand the dynamics in the global market and become one of the largest telecommunications companies in the world. The company has always been embracing continuous improvement which has seen the company be at the forefront in promotion creativity and specialization. The company is also better placed in adapting to the various economic, political and technologies changes due to the large revenue base of the company. As a recommendation, in order to withstand and overcome the stiff competition in the telecommunications sector, the company needs to invest more in the provision of internet services. The company should develop its product and services in order to be the leading internet service provider in the United Kingdom. Also, in order to overcome the climatic and environment changes, the company should invest more in the transmission of high quality signals which are less affected by climatic changes. The company should also invest in fiber optic data transfer. Fiber optic data transfer will offer high data connectivity speeds. This high data connectivity speeds will increase the data transmission rates, hence increasing efficiency. Reference List Books Llc. (2010). Vodafone: Mclaren, Verizon Wireless, Vodafone Market Share,  Roshan, Digicel, Bharti Airtel, Vodafone Essar, Crazy John’s, M-Pesa. Mephis: General Books LLC. Borman, M Williams, H. (1994). Telecommunication: exploring competition.  Amsterdam: IOS Press. Flood, J. (1997). Telecommunication networks. New York: IET. Ibbot, C. (2007). Global networks: the Vodafone-Ericsson journey to globalization and  the inception of a requisite organization. London: Palgrave Macmillan. LexisNExis. (2005). The mobile internet. New York: Information Gatekeepers Sherif, M. (2006). Managing projects in telecommunication services. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Slaa, P Klaver, F. (1992). Telecommunication: new signposts to old roads. Amsterdam: IOS Press. This research paper on Vodafone Company in the United Kingdom was written and submitted by user Dorothy R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Evolution

Since the dawn of humanity, there has been a single question that has perplexed even the greatest of philosophers and scientists. Humans are, by nature, interested in their past. As a result every civilization through out time has sought to find the origin of life, and answered it to meet their needs. Early civilizations taught that there was a group of gods located on a far off mountain at the edge of the earth. These gods were responsible everything, ranging from the rising and setting of the sun to a young man winning a fair maidens hand in marriage. Civilizations grew more complex and learned more about the world around them. Soon events that were once looked at as magical or supernatural were explained and proven through logic, mathematical reasoning, and the evidence available. In the early to mid nineteenth century a scientist named Charles Darwin proposed a theory that broke the away from the common threads of reasoning that looked to deity or a higher force intervening with humans. Darwin?s proposition was labeled Natural Selection, or more commonly referred to as ?the survival of the fittest?. Darwin proposed that living beings evolve, or change, to meet the needs of the environment around them to allow the species to continue surviving if conditions such as the food source changes. Darwin?s theory was expanded later to a larger scale, to proclaim that live has evolved from a hydrogen that was present at the birth of the universe into all living things currently found on Earth. As with the theories and beliefs of early cultures, Darwin?s ?Theory of Evolution? must meet the same requirements in order to be viewed as plausible and believable. If the theory is logically based, mathematically supported, and there is either evidence promoting the theory, or a lack of evidence contrary to the theory it is accepted as a possible theory that explains life?s origins. However, Darwin?s theory fails to meet any of the regulations... Free Essays on Evolution Free Essays on Evolution Discussion Assignment # 2, Topic 2 Conflicts between scientists and nonscientist’s beliefs of evolution are nothing new to the scientific community. Scientists spend years solely on the research of evolution theories to provide evidence for evolution. This enables them to present facts and defend evolution as a truth. However, showing clear-cut evidence to a nonscientist that evolution exists still presents a major problem. Nonscientists lack the fundamental knowledge of science. They do not understand the chemical makeup of DNA or how cells are the building blocks for organisms. Nonscientists have a hard time comprehending the continuous subtle changes in DNA that occur over millions of years. These small but consistent changes can have dramatic transforming effects for an entire species. The majority of nonscientists draw from non-scientific sources to conclude where about human origins started. Most nonscientists draw from biblical records such as the canonical gospels of Christianity to conclude where our human origins originated. Nonscientists lack the knowledge of science and stick generally with the naà ¯ve acceptance of religious beliefs. These beliefs conclude that God, in his own image, made humans. These first humans were called Adam and Eve. Now, as some nonscientists are becoming more knowledgeable about evolution, a few are accepting the theory that Adam and Eve could have been very primitive humans. Evolving for millions of years, these humans progressed with modification and became the humans we are today. This belief shares common ground between scientists and nonscientists and tends to be a popular theory. However, many arrogant nonscientists will continue to believe only what has been taught by religions for centuries. Saying that a human evolved from primitive humans is very different than saying that humans evolved from an apelike ancestor. Nonscientists who accept religious beliefs conclude t... Free Essays on Evolution Since the dawn of humanity, there has been a single question that has perplexed even the greatest of philosophers and scientists. Humans are, by nature, interested in their past. As a result every civilization through out time has sought to find the origin of life, and answered it to meet their needs. Early civilizations taught that there was a group of gods located on a far off mountain at the edge of the earth. These gods were responsible everything, ranging from the rising and setting of the sun to a young man winning a fair maidens hand in marriage. Civilizations grew more complex and learned more about the world around them. Soon events that were once looked at as magical or supernatural were explained and proven through logic, mathematical reasoning, and the evidence available. In the early to mid nineteenth century a scientist named Charles Darwin proposed a theory that broke the away from the common threads of reasoning that looked to deity or a higher force intervening with humans. Darwin?s proposition was labeled Natural Selection, or more commonly referred to as ?the survival of the fittest?. Darwin proposed that living beings evolve, or change, to meet the needs of the environment around them to allow the species to continue surviving if conditions such as the food source changes. Darwin?s theory was expanded later to a larger scale, to proclaim that live has evolved from a hydrogen that was present at the birth of the universe into all living things currently found on Earth. As with the theories and beliefs of early cultures, Darwin?s ?Theory of Evolution? must meet the same requirements in order to be viewed as plausible and believable. If the theory is logically based, mathematically supported, and there is either evidence promoting the theory, or a lack of evidence contrary to the theory it is accepted as a possible theory that explains life?s origins. However, Darwin?s theory fails to meet any of the regulations...

Learning through touch - why children who are deafblind or Essay

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Service Marketing Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Service Marketing - Article Example The different concepts which apply to this specific hotel work as a framework that exemplifies successful services and interactions with customers for growth within the overall corporation. Models of Service Interactions The concept of service interactions is one which can’t be done with the use of customer service representatives alone. For this to work effectively, models need to be initiated, specifically which provide options and assistance to those interested in the hotel. The business process management system is one of the main associations with the service interactions and the concepts which are a part of the system. This includes workflows, shared agendas, managers, job lists and components that are based on the internal needs of enterprises (Baina, Tata, Benali, 2002). As data can be provided for workers about the structure of the organization and the way that it works, there is the ability to create tasks related to services. The business process management system t hen works to have services available to customers, specifically because of the integrated system and the way in which this works to serve the customer (Baina, Tata, Benali, 2002). ... d with technology which can be provided to assist with services while boosting the interactions which occur among those working in a service related industry (Zaha, Dumas, 2006). The main concept with the architecture is based on several units that work independently and which include data. The data is then processed and can be exchanged through other units which are used. The interaction of the various data and tools can then be used to mainstream the different services which are being provided by individuals, the schedules which are available and other workflow processes. As this technology is used, it is able to increase the responses from those who are using the services (Zaha, Dumas, 2006). The use of technology at the Marriott ranges from the Internet reservations to faster check – ins and options for room service through the use of technical components. The workflow process and extra information is also available for employees and managers, all which mainstreams the nee ded data. There are cross references also which are a part of the data, specifically so managers can ensure that all work is cared for at the hotels. The technological tools which work to provide support are then followed by models based on personal interactions which occur among individuals. This is based on marketing models which are reinforced through employees and which enter into the expected requirements of those working in a specific industry. The relationships which are built through marketing come from the advertisements of customer service providing a high level of comfort (Rust, Chung, 2006). This is furthered by employees working with the back – end systems, workflow processes and internal systems to provide the right level of service interactions. The concept of relationship

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The evolution of communication technology

The evolution of communication technology 1. Communication, the transfer of information, has been the key element needed to establish civilized societies, which require organization and planning. a. In a traditional sense, the advancement of communication technology has also sought to address four unique aspects of information transfer; these are: the speed and distance at which information can be sent and received, the staying power or permanency of the information, and also the volume of information that can be sent. Throughout history, technological innovations have allowed for the steady improvement of all three aspects. However, in the last three decades, advances and globalization has made complicated and convoluted these once unique qualities as factors that were once limiting began to disappear. Vocal and Gestural Communications were Instinct and Natural Had limitations of audibility and clairity. Previous systems of primitive vocations and gestures provided minimal coverage of the three main aspects of human communication. Mutations and evolution provided organ structures that allowed for more complex speech. Although it represented a major advancement of the volume, speed, and distance of communication, the temporary nature of speech and human memory made it unsuitable to foster large amounts of information for long periods of time, a problem that would later be addressed with the aid of technology. Written and Recorded History Earliest were ideograms and pictograms. Provided minimal but adequate record of history that allowed for passing of information. Later forms allowed for paper and writing. Distance Communication Signal fires, horns, drums Sacrificed volume for distance. Modern Age All four factors optimized in the new age. Jay Zhang Johnson AP World History 2nd Period 25 May 2009 The Evolution of Communication Technology Throughout history, the human propensity to communicate effectively has always been a factor that has defined the gap of intelligence between animals and humans. Communication, the transfer of information, has been the key element needed to establish civilized societies, which require organization and planning. The relationship between the advancement of a civilization and the advancement of communication technology is not a simple cause-effect relationship but a relationship of mutual gain; the development of superior methods of communication allow a society to advance while the advancement of a society is necessary for the development of new methods of communication. In a traditional sense, the advancement of communication technology has also sought to address four unique aspects of information transfer; these are: the speed and distance at which information can be sent and received, the staying power or permanency of the information, and also the volume of information that can be sent. Throughout history, technological innovations have allowed for the steady improvement of all three aspects. However, in the last three decades, advances and globalization has made complicated and convoluted these once unique qualities as factors that were once limiting began to disappear. The ability to perform most primitive form of communication, intuitive and instinctive vocations and gestures were ingrained from birth into the bodies of the earliest humanoid species of the Paleolithic age starting over two and a half million years ago with the emergence of the genus homo, an intelligent being capable of forming primitive societies. True speech, familiar to what we hear today was the first major change in the advancement of communication. Anthropologists believe that evolutionary advances and a mutation in the Foxp2 gene around 400,000 years ago were responsible for producing the modern organ structures of the larynx, tongue, and diaphragm that are responsible for human speech. Although not technically a technology, speech would be the first major improvement in communication. Previous systems of primitive vocations and gestures provided minimal coverage of the three main aspects of human communication. Primitive vocations and gestures provided very little informa tion; additionally, the information would be sent a short distance limited by visual and audible range of human vocations which were both quieter and less clear than modern speech. Therefore, expressing complex ideas would have taken an exceptional amount of time. Modern speech was louder and provided improved clarity which effectively sped up the rate in which information could be expressed. Abstract ideas became easier to represent through speech and thoughts became easier to transmit. Speech led to the improvement of three aspects of communication: speed, distance, and volume. Though revolutionary, speech also presented a set of challenges. Because speech is ephemeral and only captured in time through memory, the transmissions of information from one generation to the next, or even simply between contemporary humans were limited to what could be remembered and eventually passed on. This problem was evident in Western Africa, as even later cultures continued to operate in a tribal system with only speech as a system of communication. During times of war, rival African tribes would aim to kill the griot, the oral historians, of the opposing tribe in the effort to pacify their enemy. Doing so would result in the loss of many generations of tribal history. Although it represented a major advancement of the volume, speed, and distance of communication, the temporary nature of speech and human memory made it unsuitable to foster large amounts of information for long periods of time, a problem that would later be addressed with the aid of technology. The next major advance in communication technology came with the advancement of technology in the field of basic tools and shelters. In the late Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic times, the emergence of cave paintings, pictograms, ideograms, and petroglyphs addressed the fundamental challenged posed by the previous systems of oral history and communication. This problem was the staying power or permanency of the information. Cave paintings, followed by my complex systems of pictograms and ideograms allowed for the preservation of thought and thus the transmission of ideas even after death. Early pictograms only represented tangible objects while the later emergence of ideograms were used to convey the abstract ideas associated with a certain object. However petroglyphs, symbols carved in stone, were not the only form of early recorded information. The ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and China developed early forms of paper to record written information. Uniquely, ancient c ivilizations in South America, particularly the Inca, did not develop writing but instead a system of tying knots to express numerical ideas. Thus, not only did the permanency of communication increase, the depth and volume of information that could be conveyed also increased as a direct result of the development of recorded information. The technological breakthrough of paper, a surface that compared to stone was lighter and more compact increased the rate at which information could be recorded and shared by providing an easily transportable surface that provided an easier method of writing. The early forms of recorded information, paintings and symbols which later evolved into paper, writing, and eventually printing, provided significant improvements in all four of the fundamental aspects of communication technology but most significantly, the permanency compared to the previous purely vocal and gestural methods. Though all four of the fundamental aspects of communication technology had improved drastically from Paleolithic times, one aspect not heavily addressed by the technological innovation of recording information physically was the distance to which information could be transmitted. Nearly all communication until 3000 BCE was limited to, at maximum the distance to which the human voice could travel. Around this time however, the invention of the signal drum allowed for a drastic increase in the distance in which information could be sent. Other inventions that served a similar purpose were also soon introduced. These included the signal horn and also the signal fire. The latter was used by the early Aborigines but its use continued to Qin China where it was used to quickly pass messages along the Great Wall. All of these methods of communication had a similar benefit as well as a similar drawback. Signal fires, drums, and smoke provided comparatively fast communication at extended dist ances but because of their very nature that allowed them to transmit information and be understood at a distance, they provided relatively little amounts of information volume. For example, a signal fire could only be used to convey a limited number of messages. Contemporary communication systems such as the postal system, which first emerged in 2400 BCE in Persia under Cyrus the Great allowed for the long distance transmission of a larger volume of information but at a slower rate. The invention of long distance, low volume information transmitters continued well into the 1800s CE with the invention of the telegraph. However, this is not to say that there were not significant advances in the volume of information that could be sent until this time. The invention of moveable type by the Chinese and then improved by Guttenberg in Germany was the major factor that contributed to the end of the Middle Ages. This statement simply emphasizes how the combination these two challenges were exceedingly difficult to overcome. Not until the invention of the radio would the gap between distance and volume close significantly. Perhaps the greatest achievements of technological innovation in the field of communication have all taken place in the modern age. Though communication technology has aided civilization since the beginning of human history, the globalization and interconnectedness observed today did not begin to form until the later industrial revolution but more so in recent decades. The greatest strives in communication technology that has nearly maximized the accommodations for the challenges posed by all four aspects of communication technology: speed, volume, distance, and permanency have all occurred in recent years. The invention of the radio in 1902 was both an iconic and realistic definition of the modern communication age. Still in wide use today, in addition to providing the ability to transmit information over a wide area wirelessly, the radio also provided a large step up in information volume from the telegraph by replacing an inefficient system of text messaging to wireless voice com munication. The later development of the television in 1923 further developed this same model by adding a new level of information transfer, visuals. Both radio and televisions were responsible for the broadening in the volume and speed at which communication could occur. The later invention and widespread use of taping and personal recording in 1934 added to the expanded the permanency of these communication technologies. The initiating relationship between the role of communication technology in the start of the modern age and the modern ages role in the creation of new technology is a prime example of the convoluted relationship of mutual gain described earlier. Even in the beginning of the modern communication age with the invention of radio and television, the once distinct lines between speed, distance, volume, and permanency began to blend as each was reaching new heights, perhaps human maximums. The speed of television and radio can be described as a human infinity, or near instantaneous, at least with respect to practicality. In addition to speed, by 1949 the coverage of television had become global in many developed nations, taping and recording become common and therefore information was rarely lost. As speed, distance, and permanency reached new heights, the exact definitions between them were blurred for the first time in history. Puzzling, but perhaps useless questions emerge from this historically unprecedented situation; clearly, the level of communication has risen dramatically, but to name what factor it can be attributed most is nearly impossible as the it is often impossible to distinguish them. The main cause of the confus ion has been removal of all historical limits. Using even a relatively recent example, the sacrifice of information volume for speed and distance during the widespread use of the telegraph, a revolutionary invention of its time, was overcome permanently by the use of the telephone, cell phone, radio, and television. The latest significant advance in communication technology aimed to maximize information volume to a similar degree to which speed, distance, and permanency have been. Computers, but more importantly the release and commercialization of the internet, in 1994 have revolutionized the volume of information that can be sent and received. The major change with respect to television, the previously frontrunner in communication technology is that the internet allows for the individual to request information in the same format, video, and many others in a comprehensive system. The volume of information that can be received by the computer is scores more than what can be received by the television. The internet which spans the globe has created a society more interconnected than ever before in history by not only providing a networked of linked computers, but also the backbone for all digital information transfer on earth. It is possible that a human chauvinism for the cotemporary distorts the view of the tremendous advances and advantages the modern age provides, but more likely, the innovations of the modern age in the field of communication technology are simply truly remarkable strides that have created a globally aware population that can communicate at virtually infinite speed, distance, volume, and permanency. Works Cited Ashford, Jenny. The Evolution of Human Speech. 20 October 2008. 23 May 2009 . Ancient and Modern Drums. Musical Instruments Drum. 2008. 23 May 2009 . Bellis, Marry. The History of Communication. About.com: Inventors. 2008. About. 22 May 2009 . Hoffman, Barbara G. Griots at War: Conflict, Conciliation and Caste in Mande. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001. McCannon, John, and Pamela Jordan. How to Prepare for the AP World History. 11th ed. Danbury: Barrons Educational Series, 2008. McClellan, James E. Science and Technology in World History an Introduction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 2006. Petroglyphs Pictographs Cave Paintings Geoglyphs Crystalinks. Crystalinks Metaphysical and Science Website. 2008. 23 May 2009 . White, Nancy. Middle and Upper Paleolithic Hunter-Gatherers The Emergence of Modern Humans, The Mesolithic. 2008. 23 May 2009 . White, Nancy. Middle and Upper Paleolithic Hunter-Gatherers The Emergence of Modern Humans, The Mesolithic. 2008. 23 May 2009 . Ashford, Jenny. The Evolution of Human Speech. 20 October 2008. 23 May 2009 . White, Nancy. Hoffman, Barbara G. Griots at War: Conflict, Conciliation and Caste in Mande. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001. White, Nancy. Petroglyphs Pictographs Cave Paintings Geoglyphs Crystalinks. Crystalinks Metaphysical and Science Website. 2008. 23 May 2009 . Petroglyphs Pictographs Cave Paintings Geoglyphs Crystalinks. Mccannon, John, and Pamela Jordan. How to Prepare for the AP World History. 11th ed. Danbury: Barrons Educational Series, 2008. Mccannon, John, and Pamela Jordan. Ancient and Modern Drums. Musical Instruments Drum. 2008. 23 May 2009 . Mccannon, John, and Pamela Jordan. McClellan, James E. Science and Technology in World History an Introduction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 2006. McClellan, James E. Mccannon, John, and Pamela Jordan. Mccannon, John, and Pamela Jordan. Bellis, Marry. The History of Communication. About.com: Inventors. 2008. About. 22 May 2009 . Bellis, Marry Bellis, Marry Bellis, Marry. Bellis, Mary.

Using Caffeine is a Sin Against God :: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Using Caffeine is a Sin Against God One of the most widely misunderstood commandments in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints is the Word of Wisdom.   The question that seems to trouble many members of the church is whether or not caffeine is part of the Word of Wisdom.   In this paper, we will find that as members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, we cannot drink caffeinated beverages and say that we keep the Word of Wisdom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   President Hinckley asked and answered a question in General Conference on October 4th of 1997. "Are we moving to mainstream America as some observers believe? In this, I fear we are." The comment came due to the increasing amount of shopping that is being done on sundays in LDS communities, and the increasing amount of disobedience to the Word of Wisdom. His tone was one of concern and love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We have a great responsibility to be an example of virtuous thought and deed. We have been blessed exceedingly with knowledge, that combined with wisdom will give us understanding. Why then, as a whole, do we seem to be regressing and becoming more like the world, as our Prophet has stated, instead of like the savior of all mankind, even Jesus Christ.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We have been counseled heretofore by prophets of old, "to seek learning, even by study, and by faith". We have an obligation to search the scriptures and to learn what the Lord is teaching us and warning us of. We must go forward with faith, and not backward. We must come unto the Lord, and not expect the Lord to come unto us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of   the many dangers in this world, the greatest danger that we have is an uninformed citizenry. Being informed is an obligation that each of us has to ourselves. Brigham Young said that "Education is the ability to think clearly, to act well in the days work, and to appreciate life".   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By this definition, and after knowing the effects of caffeine upon the human body, I have come to the conclusion that drinking caffeine is a sign of a lack of respect for oneself, and of an unappreciative attitude toward the life that each of us has been blessed with. Furthermore, it shows of either our inability, or unwillingness to learn to think clearly.

Conflict in Romeo and Juliet Essay

The play that I have studied is Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. Act three, scene one, the climax of this play, is a scene where much conflict occurs. This scene opens with two of Romeo’s friends, Benvolio and Mercutio, talking. Tension and suspense is established when Benvolio says, ‘The day is hot, the Capulets abroad, And, if we meet, we shall not ‘scape a brawl’ The ‘fiery Tybalt’ enters looking for Romeo. He felt that Romeo had insulted him by going to the Capulet masked ball and he wanted to exact his revenge. Mercutio deliberately insults him and draws his sword. Just as Benvolio tries to calm them down, Romeo enters. Tybalt tries to incite Romeo into fighting by insulting him: ‘Romeo, the love I bear thee can afford/ No better term than this, – thou art a villain. ‘ Romeo resists Tybalt’s challenge because he is now related by marriage to him. Mercutio is embarrassed by Romeo’s inaction and he challenges Tybalt. As Romeo tries to stop the fight Mercutio is mortally wounded by Tybalt. As Mercutio dies he says, ‘A plague o’ both your houses! / They have made worms’ meet of me. ‘ Romeo realises he is partially responsible for his friend’s death and his anger leads him to kill Tybalt. He then realises he is ‘fortune’s fool’ and flees the place. The Prince of Verona arrives and decides to exile Romeo from the city. What are the underlying causes of conflict in this scene? The main cause of the conflict in this scene arises ‘From ancient grudge’ between two major families in Verona – the Capulets and the Montagues. The feud is so strong that the play opens with their servants fighting. Indeed, the rift is so strong that the Prince of Verona is prompted to announce, ‘If ever you disturb our streets again/ Your lives will pay the forfeit of the peace. ‘ Another cause of the conflict is the mercurial nature of Tybalt. He saw Romeo’s appearance at the Capulet masked ball as an insult and was determined to challenge Romeo. Mercutio also contributed to the conflict. He was very quick to engage in a quarrel with Tybalt and condemned Romeo for avoiding conflict, ‘O calm, dishonourable, vile submission! ‘ Finally Romeo has much internal conflict in this scene. He is being challenged and insulted by Tybalt but feels he cannot retaliate because he is now secretly married to Juliet, Tybalt’s cousin. It is clear there is much conflict in this scene and many reasons for it – this conflict adds greatly to our enjoyment of the play.

The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy essays

The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy essays On Friday, November 22, 1963 while on a political campaigning visit to Texas, President John Fitzgerald Kennedy was assassinated on the streets of downtown Dallas. Shortly after the assassination of President Kennedy, then-President Lyndon B. Johnson ordered an investigation of the assassination by a committee made of members selected by President Johnson. This committee, known as the Warren Commission, concluded that a lone assassin named Lee Harvey Oswald committed the murder alone. Since the findings of the Warren Commission, many discrepancies have been discovered in its findings leading to the many various conspiracy theories that have evolved in the 41 years since President Kennedy's death. These conspiracy theories can be found in the many books written by various authors, several television specials that have been aired, also a major motion picture titled J.F.K. by director Oliver Stone in 1991. President John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States of America was nearing the end of his first term in office from which he was elected in 1960 when he went to Texas in 1963. The purpose of the Texas trip was to gain support from the state that the majority was for the Republican Party in the 1960 elections. On November 22, 1963, President Kennedy arrived in Dallas at Love Field after a brief flight from Fort Worth Texas. Upon landing at Love Field, a presidential motorcade left the airport as President Kennedy rode in a limousine that the "bubble top" had been removed from. Accompanying the president in the limousine was the First Lady, Texas Governor John Connelly seated directly in front of President Kennedy, and Governor Connelly's wife. The motorcade traveled through the streets of Downtown Dallas on Main Street until it reached Dealey Plaza, the historical area in Dallas signifying the birth of the city. From Main Street, the motorcade turned right on Houston Street, traveled a short distance until it turned left ...

Convicted Criminals and Recorded DNA essays

Convicted Criminals and Recorded DNA essays Once convicted criminals have their DNA fingerprints in CrimTrac's database, police are able to identify them faster as suspects, if they re-offend, which saves investigation time. When confronted with DNA evidence, guilty suspects may be more likely to confess and plead guilty, also saving police time and reducing court costs. The DNA database gives Australian police a tool to increase the closure rate of not only serious offences but also high volume crimes such as burglaries. As many crimes are solved more rapidly, the police will be free to investigate other crimes that are outstanding. As more crimes are investigated and solved, Australia will become a safer place to live. This is a major argument for all people convicted of a crime to have their DNA fingerprints stored on the DNA database. However, despite the present success of DNA databases such as CrimTrac, concerns are raised about the ethics presently involved, and also, the future repercussions of such a database being in existence. One present concern is that with so many samples being collated, there is a remote chance that two DNA fingerprints would look the same but not be from the same person (besides the case of identical twins). If a convicted criminal has their DNA on file and is later found to be a similar match to DNA found at another crime scene, it would be very difficult for the person to argue that he or she had nothing to do with the crime, not to mention impossible for an identical twin to argue on DNA evidence alone. It can also be argued that convicted criminals may be implicated in any other crime simply based on where they happened to leave a DNA trail. Concerns are raised that convicted criminals will be treated as second-class citizens. Despite people regarding DNA as being very strong, in criminal trials, forensic experts talk only about the probability that DNA came from a defendant, and not 'yes' or 'no' to the question of it matching DNA at the...

Is the liability of a carrier for the carriage of goods by sea any Essay - 1

Is the liability of a carrier for the carriage of goods by sea any different under the Hague and Hague-Visby Rules than it is at common law - Essay Example These exceptions were stated in the Acts of Lading, making carriers an almost untouchable lot. Later on their insistence led to a free-for-all in contract negotiation, and to carriers claiming and securing exception from almost all manner and form liability, even negligence. This led to the decision of the maritime stakeholders to have some form of control to prevent widespread abuse of claims arising from this situation. At the International Conference on Maritime Law held at Brussels in October 1922, (1) the delegates at the conference, agreed unanimously to recommend their respective government to adopt as the basis of a convention a draft convention for the unification of certain rules such as responsibilities, liabilities, rights and immunities attaching to carriers under the bills of lading. Bill of lading is a receipt of terms of the contract of carriage, which is generally evidenced by a document. This receipt is issued by the ship owner acknowledging that goods have been delivered to him for the purpose of carriage and the terms of the contract are incorporated in the bill of lading. signed at Brussels on the 25th of August, 1924; the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to bills of lading or The Hague Rules(2) was passed. In its bare essence, the Rules obliged carriers to provide seaworthy vessels at the beginning of the voyage and exercise due care for the goods throughout it(3) Thereafter, the U.K. Carriage of Goods by Sea Act of 1971 was passed to give effect to the protocol. The 1971 Act was brought into force in June 1977 and it repealed the 1924 Act and re-enacted the Hague Rules in their amended Hague Visby form.(4) "Contract of carriage by sea" means any contract whereby the carrier undertakes against payment of freight to carry goods by sea from one port to another; The Carriage of Goods

Discussion 1 - Management''s Responsibility Coursework

Discussion 1 - Management''s Responsibility - Coursework Example There are many reasons that are associated with their failure and the management had an important part in its failure as it could be circumvented. Firstly, the business environment was risky because the timing of its new venture corresponded with the recession of 2007 when consumer spending had reduced drastically. Secondly, Tesco’s management decision to pull out of the market rather than giving time for consumers to recover from the recession. For Tesco, the external, macro-environment proved to be challenging when the firm decided to launch a new venture in the US. So, its decision making was crucially important for the firm to choose its course in the challenging environment. Many also blame the research and its analysis. Tesco’s interpretation of the collected data ignored the cultural context and the options consumers had if there were one-stop stores. However, the recession had greatly reduced their spending capacity of consumers and even though they had the time to shop at multiple stores, they had little money. (2) Caty has pointed out some important information regarding the credit industry. I agree with Caty that the management did not have much involvement in the decision for closing the branch. In this case, the orders came from the head office. Usually, the most profitable branches provide little reason for the corporate management to shut it down however this is not the only criteria for closing down a branch. In BankFirst’s case, the branch location was generating enough revenues to sustain it in the long run however the decision to close it down came from the head office located in another state. Perhaps the bank was trying to cut down its branches in that particular state as part of its strategy to focus on reducing market penetration to allow for another growth strategy. The credit card industry serves an important purpose as credit providers. Technology is one external factor over which the management has little control over although

Decision on the New System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decision on the New System - Essay Example Specifically, HRMS encompass payroll, work time, administration of benefits, HR management system which covers the course from the employees' application to retirement, recruiting, and training. In consideration of how this new system will be installed in the business organization, it is imperative that it consider the cost and benefits of developing in-house versus outsourcing. In order to do so, we will look at the processes that the company will need to undertake in each alternative. For a decision to outsource, the company will simply search for a reliable company in the market which can supply it with an already existing system. The demand for HRMS has already generated manufacturers which gained expertise in building this system. In recognition of the differing needs of companies, these manufacturers also offer customizable systems to suit the preferences of their clients. Thus, it is possible for the company to find a supplier which will make possible the design of an HRMS which is specifically tailored for its needs. Haag and Cummings outline the major processes of software development within a company which include: project planning; feasibility study, and initiation stage; recruitments gathering and systems analysis; systems design; building; testing; installation, implementation or deployment; and maintenance.

Canon Business Analysis Essay Example for Free

Canon Business Analysis Essay In 1925, a German camera maker named Oskar Barnack, developed a new, ground-breaking camera called the Leica. It was not until 1933 that a company responded to the success of Barnack’s creation and produced their own 35 millimeter version of his innovative design. Thus was born the Canon Company. By the 1950’s, Canon attained the title of leading producer of cameras in Japan. Since that time, Canon has made it a point to expand and diversify their company as much as possible. They are able to accomplish this primarily through a strong Research and Development program. Through this program, Canon has explored many different technologies such as home electronics and x-ray technology. One of the first product areas they explored was in the electronic calculator segment. Due to the complex nature of the technology, Canon’s engineers were forced to adapt and develop the intricate micro-electric processors that were being used. They were very successful in doing this. In late 1964, one year after their research started, Canon engineers presented top management with the finished product, the Canola 130. This product became the world’s first 10-key numeric pad calculator. However, Canon has not always succeeded in their endeavors. With every triumph comes a failure. One such instance was a printing device that utilized magnetic material that would coat the paper. They called this the Synchroreader. Although it was touted for its use of technology, the application, it was not patented. Another company took the design, improved it, and made it more affordable. Canon learned its lesson after that instance. Body In 1961, a new technology was developed by the Xerox Corporation. In the following years, with the success of their model 914 office copier, Xerox would enjoy a reported ninety three percent market share world wide. Xerox also had the advantage in that they held approximately five hundred patents. This tactic prevented other companies from intruding on their Plain Paper Copier (PPC) technology. Canon entered the market late in the 1960’s and was looked at with a skeptical eye. They were the â€Å"camera company from Japan† (Mintzberg, et al 2003, p. 75) and were not looked at as serious contenders in the photocopy market. Due to the PPC market being cornered by Xerox and their numerous patents, Canon instead moved into the Coated Paper Copying (CPC) market. This technology transfers the reflection of the original image directly to the special zinc oxide coated paper. This is in direct contrast from the PPC technology which uses regular paper and indirectly transfers the image using a rotating drum and charged particles. A similar technology is still being used in fax and photocopiers today. In 1962, while still in the inferior Coated Paper Copying and marketing under a separate name, the Top Management of Canon challenged their engineers to create a PPC process that would not infringe upon the patents held by Xerox. The engineers answered with the â€Å"New Process† in 1968 and became the first copier to carry the Canon name. Two years later the research came to fruition when the NP1100 was released in Japan. This model utilized dry toner and copied at a whopping rate of ten pages per minute. This, of course, is slow by today’s standards. Canon had finally broken into the PPC market. Riding on the success of this new technology, Canon released the NPL7 in 1972, marketing it exclusively to Japanese companies. This model contained several noticeable improvements over the first generation NP1100. Most notably is that the model was â€Å"More economical, more compact, more reliable,† while still keeping the same quality of copy. (Mintzberg, et al 2003, p. 77) Canon’s Top Management began looking for alternative markets for the Plain Paper Copier in the latter half of the 1970’s. The small office market was identified as Canon’s next target market. They devised a plan to accommodate this market by producing a photocopier, using PPC technology, and offering it to small businesses that did not require the large volume, high speed machines that were currently being offered on the market. The concept itself had the potential to change the market by decentralizing the office photocopier. Prior to this innovation, the photocopier in large offices were centralized to one corner of the office, primarily due to its mammoth size. In 1979, Canon’s concept became a resounding reality. They were able to produce a photocopier that not only met and exceeded the cost and reliability targets that were set by Top Management, but in a more practical application, it was able to reduce the need for constant and continual copier maintenance. Based upon previous experience with patent law, Canon employed the use those laws to protect their new found development. Through the years, Canon has demonstrated several core competencies that have enabled them to propel themselves to the top of the market. First and foremost, Canon has employed a pool of extremely talented engineers who made up Canon’s Research and Development team. Through their research, Canon was able to uncover new and innovative products. This varied product line, which included cameras, calculators, and photocopiers, demonstrates Canon’s diversified product line. This diverse line of merchandise is integral to the company’s survival and has enabled Canon to take a multifaceted approach to technological competition. The more diverse type of products that are offered, the more chances there are for success. This has not always worked out in Canon’s favor however. An example of this would be in the development of the synchroreader. Although the technology was much more advanced than what was on the market, poor marketing decisions and an ignorance of United States patent laws cost Canon that share of the market. Since that time, Canon has taken a step by step approach to their marketing strategies. This is especially apparent with the development and marketing of the NP110 copier. They began by distributing the unit in Japan only in a direct sales format. In doing so a company opens themselves up to the threat of collapse due to spreading themselves too thin. Secondly, we can surmise that an isolated marketing strategy, such as the one that Canon employed when marketing their copier to local Japanese dealers first, will be more effective in the long run. By distributing the product locally at first you can focus on close to home customers rather than across seas customers. Finally, a truly cost effective manufacturing process can be more beneficial at times than the products that come off the assembly lines themselves.