Assignment - Brain Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

- Brain Research - Assignment Example In determining if any links exist between brain function and learning ability, researchers have long hoped to be able to recommend certain curricular changes to help better reach students based upon their unique brain functions (Sousa & Tomlinson, 2011). The intent of this brief paper, therefore, is to identify the recent discoveries in the field of neuroscience, apply those to the learning process and differentiation, and to develop teaching strategies to accommodate this new information. Recent Discoveries in Neuroscience Recent years have bought some interesting new innovations in the field of neuroscience. In 2012, for example, researchers were able to begin isolating certain thoughts as they occurred in the brain. It is now possible to identify specific words and thoughts in the brain, isolate them, and be able to observe up to two different conscious thoughts at the same time. This is a sense of multitasking, and neuroscience now makes it possible to learn how this process occu rs in the human brain, as well as that of certain animals closely related to us, such as the chimpanzee. This thought process is similar to the computer, which creates even more possibilities of using neuroscience for technological, as well as educational, advancements in the future. The new discoveries, as mentioned, are having great impact on technology. In 2012, by way of example, neuroscience helped a human in a vegetative state for more than 12 years be able to communicate once again. The individual was trapped inside his own body, in pain, but unable to communicate or even move. By mapping the brain, the individual was able to begin communicating to doctors through brain mapping techniques discussed in the previous paragraph. Because of this, he was able to communicate for the first time in 12 years, providing great hope that neuroscience would be able to help bring brain mapping to the forefront of communication in the future. The Learning Process and Differentiation Let us c onsider individuals with dyslexia. In years past, it was often difficult to diagnose such individuals. They were simply considered low performing readers. As such, these individuals were often frustrated because they could not determine for themselves why they could perform well in most others areas of life, yet reading became so difficult. By implementing neuroscience in the equation, however, the learning process was enhanced as educators were able to determine what exactly was taking place in people whose brain simply reversed the letters in certain words. Once this was determined, it became possible to work within the disorder, developing strategies of differentiation, all the while enabling the individual to begin to read effectively and limit their frustration (Goswami, 2006, p. 408). Neuroscience has truly revolutionized the learning process and the way that differentiation is utilized within the classroom. Differentiation has long been used in many classroom as a way of prov iding all students in the class with the same material, but delivered in multiple ways. Educational theorists over the years have discovered that some students process information, construct ideas, and make sense of new concepts in different ways. Some of these methods have long been a mystery to many teachers, yet differentiation was utilized in an attempt to reach as many

English :: essays papers

English It's easy to tell the difference from right and wrong. It's just like telling the difference between dark and light. But what if you grew up in the dark not knowing there was a light, then you'd only think in one direction. "A long habit of not thinking a thing wrong, gives it a superficial appearance of being right." Society usually thinks in one way, only the intelligent and gifted few can think outside of the box, outside of how society views the world. They follow their hearts to decide what is right and wrong. They come from the dark but are able to see the light. One of the intelligent and gifted few is Jonathan Edwards who wrote Sinners In The Hands Of An Angry God. In this writing he talks about how men are sinners and how they need to start living their lives according to the bible. Sin was always a big issue for the puritans because they believed that men were born sinners. In his Sinners In The Hands Of An Angry God, he mentions "their foot shall slide in due time" meaning that men stand on slippery ground. He describes of the sinner as a loathsome spider suspended by a slender thread over a pit of seething brimstone. And that "there is no fortress that is any defense against the power of god." Meaning that you cannot escape God no matter what you do and that helped awaken the people of the evil things they do. The Colonial Era had views such as that. They lived their lives as well as they can, but they were doing something wrong. They were being hypocrites. They didn't exactly follow through what a good Christian should do. They showed discrimination against other backgrounds, they used suspicion as means of law (an example would be witch craft trials). This train of thought later changed as the Age of Reason came. In the Age of Reason, one of the primary goals was to abolish the ignorance in men. In Benjamin Franklin's the Temple of Learning, he mentions in a dream where people visited the Temple of Learning "that the whole tribe who entered into the temple with me, began to climb the throne; but the work proving troublesome and difficult most of them, they withdrew their hands from the plow, and concentrated themselves to sit at the foot, with madam idleness and her maid ignorance.

A Rose for Emily: Demonstrate of Homer as the Victim Essay

Emily is clearly a villain in the short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† Although much of her character came from her father’s abuse, she remains responsible for her actions. In the story, Emily is obsessed with avoiding change. She is a symbol of the old South, and clearly represents the few traditionalists following the Civil War. The traditionalists are clearly the villains in the South, because they will not let go of the negative past of slavery, as Emily is in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, because she will not let go of her negative past. She refuses to let go of the changes she is faced with, for example the death of her father and the idea of not being with Homer forever bring her to unleash her inner anger. Consequently, due to her lack of allowing change, she develops villain behaviors. Her lack of wanting change does not call for her insane actions, nor make her a victim. Emily knows that Homer will not marry her; therefore she turns to killing him so that she can be with him forever. She refuses to let him go, which makes her only a victim of herself, thus a villain. The murder was undoubtedly premeditated because she planned the death of Homer by going to the store to purchase arsenic. When the pharmacists asked her what it was for, she refused to tell. If she was a victim she would not have a problem explaining the circumstances. Since she did not tell she knew that what she was doing was wrong, which makes her a villain. Emily uses the death of Homer for her own pleasure. She believes that trapping his dead body, as well as her father’s dead body will ease her loneliness. This selfish act shows she has no concern for others. This, again, demonstrates that Homer is the only victim in this story.

Positive Illusions And Negative Illusions - 1462 Words

Positive illusions are unrealistic, biased attitudes that individuals have about themselves and towards other individuals, normally close friends or family members. Positive illusions is â€Å"a perception that represents what is perceived in a way different from the way it is in reality. An illusion is a false mental image or conception which may be a misinterpretation of a real appearance or may be something imagined. It may be pleasing, harmless or even useful (Stein, 1982, p 662). The more positive illusions the higher self-esteem an individual has. It should be noted that positive illusions are more common in western countries than other parts of the world. Research has found that positive illusions promote a better mental health. There†¦show more content†¦Illusion of control is the distorted opinion of the individual’s personal control over different types of situations. These individuals believe they have control over the roll of a dice or the flip of a coin. An example of illusion of control is when a gambler thinks they can control the dice being rolled or the next card to be flipped over. Question 2 Approximately 117 Americans die every day to suicide and for every suicide there is 25 other unsuccessful attempts (Suicide Statistics, 2016). The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention says that suicide is the 10th leading cause of deaths in the USA and that 42773 American dies every year. Research shows that suicide happens to any race, gender or age. The belief is that people who talk about suicided aren’t really going to go through with it; this belief is completely false. Often suicidal people make subtle hints leading up to the event. Some subtle hints include: I know where my dad’s gun is if I ever need it, I have the perfect plan to end it all, I wonder what that chemical taste like or, I wonder what it feels like to bleed out and leave forever. Others often discuss their depression and how there isn’t anything to live for. Another false belief is suicide cannot be prevented. If an individual gets help early enough for the depression and suicidal thought Suicide begins as a chain of events. First, the individual feels worthless and inadequate.Show MoreRelatedFalse Picture of Marriage in The Dead by James Joyce and Odour of Chrysanthemums by D.H. Lawrence992 Words   |  4 PagesIllusion versus Reality: Marriage in Modern Literature Modern literature is known for questioning society and its various conventions. One question that these works often ask is, â€Å"What is real?† Some modern authors explore this question by placing their characters within self-constructed illusions that are later shattered by the introduction of reality. Marriages are frequently at the center of this theme, with one spouse crafting an illusory impression of the other. Modern literature demonstratesRead MoreMuller Lyer Final Lab Report Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pagesperceived adjustment error in the Muller-Lyer illusion. 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This is expressed in the lines â€Å"Symptoms of true love // Are leannessRead MoreThe And Non Catch Question990 Words   |  4 Pagesparticipants after the hand illusion, a paired samples t-test was adopted with condition (synchronous versus asynchronous) as the independent variable and the numerical values of the responses as dependent variable. There are two types of questions in the questionnaire: catch question and non-catch question. In table 1, participants in both conditions responded more positively in non-catch (M =-0.63) questions than in catch questions (M= -1.53). Moreover, it was found that the hand illusion influenced the individualsRead MoreHow Opponents to Gay Marriage Offer Illusory Arguments1242 Words   |  5 Pagestruly makes a strong case f or how six different types of illusions (or beliefs) truly disserve the human population. The six common illusions that the book discusses are the illusion of memory, the illusion of confidence, the illusion of knowledge, the illusion of cause and the illusion of potential. Chabris and Simon argue that one can see these illusions at work in a range of human interactions and current events. Sometimes these illusions demonstrate the fallibility of the human mind; sometimesRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby Essay1295 Words   |  6 Pagesdeceptive nature a materialistic lifestyle discreetly reflects by revealing how individuals naively fall under the illusion that immeasurable wealth automatically accumulates happiness. The first stanza opens up describing a glamourous party where â€Å"the bar is in full swing / The air is alive† (2-3). The personification of the bar and air being â€Å"alive† and in â€Å"full swing† publicizes the positive benefits that living such a grandeur lifestyle has to offer. â€Å"Swing† exhibits a double meaning as it not onlyRead MoreDoes Love Define Us?707 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeare uses a poet as the speaker and his lover as the audience in order to express the view that although not everyone claims to fall in love, love is what defines the self by allowing us to lie to ourselves about who we are, thus creating an illusion. In the content of Sonnet 138, the poet reveals both the nature of his relationship with his lover and the uncertainties he has about growing older, which lead him to adjust the self accordingly to his lovers standards. The speaker of Sonnet 138Read MoreA Comparison Of Faith And The Future Of Religion1539 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals worldwide hold true to their faith each day. 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This form of realism that has been directly associated with him has been calledRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1452 Words   |  6 Pagesthat I have wrote this book using positive and negative imagery of Myrtle and Daisy to embody the promise and disappointment in the novel and in the mother figure, however my true purpose behind The Great Gatsby is far from that. I used the imagery of Gatsby’s house and the characters of Myrtle and Daisy to demonstrate the danger in connecting happiness with material possessions and the reality that, in the end, any happiness found outside of the self is an illusion. In Jonathan Schiff’s literary

The Depth Of The Teacher s Knowledge - 995 Words

What does the evidence indicate about the depth of the teacher s knowledge of the content? 1. Describe the content focus of the selected lesson and its importance in the overall context of the content area. (Rubric 1.2 B) The focus of the content of this lesson was the Constitutional principle Federalism. Federalism is the division of governmental power between a central government and several regional (state) governments. Federalism explains what powers belong to the federal government, to the states and powers of which they act upon concurrently. Federalism lays out expressed, implied, and inherent powers of the federal government Federalism explains and elaborates on the relationship between the states and the national government, and interstate relations. Federalism is one of the six basic principles of the Constitution of which are necessary to understand in order to begin to discuss the rationale behind the Constitution as well as American Government as a whole. This unit involves the historical rationale the framers used to create the concept and expands into actual historical and current examples of Federalism. The concept allows students to understand how the government uses the Constitution in real situations. The Supremacy Clause, creates a hierarchy of government where no law can violate the Constitution. Full Faith and Credit, and Privileges and immunities Clauses that make sure individual states are cooperating with each other and do not act likeShow MoreRelatedVocabulary Is An Essential Part Of Learning A Language1500 Words   |  6 Pagestesting. It can help teachers and administrators set appropriate targets for learning so that learners can have the language skills that are expected. It can help teachers and learners m onitor progress so they can tell whether they have achieved the kind of knowledge needed for an examination. It can even help academics to understand the nature of language knowledge and the learning process. 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With CCSS being present in 2016 in most states it is of relevance to take it in to considerationRead MorePublic Health Advocate For Sexual Education927 Words   |  4 Pagesshould be the primary sexual educator(s) of their children. Parents or guardians feel that their children will be embarrassed and uncomfortable discussing this is a class room setting. According to â€Å"â€Å"Stop embarrassing me!† Relations Among Student Perceptions of Teachers, Classroom Goals, and Maladaptive Behaviors,† by Jeanne Friedels, Roxana Marachi, and Carol Midgely, students actively avoid asking questions that they feel would demonstrate a lack of knowledge or ability, and as a result leave themRead MoreAshlyfive point linguistic star Essay examples635 Words   |  3 Pagesapproach suggested by Kevin Clark proposes that teachers explicitly teach ELL by giving them a set of skills. Teacher will have to teach students not just vocabulary, but the sound system of language, the words and their word parts and meanings, and also rules for structuring sentences grammatically. Teaching students from this perspective can support a deeper understanding of the language. When the concept is thoroughly supported by background knowledge, explanation as to why, activities that strengthen

Online Shopping Is Affecting The Viability Of Physical...

CQUNIVERSITY AUSTRALIA DEB 1 Research Essay 1,016 words Teacher Mary Brennan Page 2 This is evidence that online shopping is affecting the viability of physical storefronts to stay in business. Identify the main problems and offer solution. There are a growing number of people choosing online shopping and this growing trend has emerged all over the world over the last few decades. Online shopping cuts a lot of hassle and stress out of going to the store but also has a possibility of charging more so people are more and more interested meanwhile many would argue that it is an easy alternative to leaving the house and going to the mall. Online shopping is making things much easier in terms of time. The only thing you have to do is go to the†¦show more content†¦So storefronts can do the shipping for free then people will turn to more interested. For example, a customer went shopping to a mall and saw a hat- afterwards he wants to buy he can order by making a call to the shop. It is very comfortable and the customer can trust the store because he already saw t he hat. But with online shopping people never see the product before so they can-not trust that the product is the same one in the website or not. In this strategy, storefronts can attack online shopping on the point that people can buy things from their home or everywhere they want. Secondly, Storefront businesses should open more branch shops because it is easy for customers to go to the shop nearest their home and they will see the real product after which they can make a decision to buy it. The weakness of online shopping is that you have to be really careful in choosing the site from which you want to buy the things you need. Some sites just lose your money and will not give you anything. Another problem is the quality of the things you get. For instance, if you order food and you get an old or bad item you are able to send it back but you will not get anything for that. However, if the things you are looking for are not far away from your house it must be easier and better to buy from the shop than the internet because you do not have to wait forShow MoreRelatedeCommerce Developments and Themes10793 Words   |  44 Pagespersonalization/customization Types of E-commerce Classified by nature of market relationship B2C B2B C2C Involves online businesses attempting to reach individual consumers Involves businesses focusing on selling to other businesses Provides a way for consumers to sell to each other, with the help of an online market maker Many types of business models within this category including online retailers, content providers, portals, transaction brokers, service providers, market creators and communityRead MoreStrategic Management and Information Systems19841 Words   |  80 Pagesinformation technology. †¢ If your career is in finance and accounting, you will be developing and managing strategic products and services that are largely based on information systems such as wealth management, financial advising, risk management systems, online financial services, and credit services. †¢ If your career is in human resources, you will be working with systems that could give your firm a strategic edge by providing information and communication capabilities that lower the cost of managing employeesRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesDigital Signals 63 Speed of Transmission 64 Types of Transmission Lines Transmission Media 65 65 Topology of Networks Types of Networks Network Protocols 70 72 86 The Exploding Role of Telecommunications and Networking 88 Online Operations Connectivity 88 89 Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Commerce 89 Marketing 89 The Telecommunications Industry 90 Review Questions 92 †¢ Discussion Questions 92 †¢ Bibliography 93 Chapter 4 The Data Resource Read MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagesintervals, based on the percentage of work completed. Thus, their revenue cycles must be designed to track carefully all work performed and the amount of work remaining to be done. Service companies (e.g., public accounting and law firms) do not sell physical goods and, therefore, do not need inventory control systems. They must develop and maintain detailed records of the work performed for each customer to provide backup for the amounts billed. Tracking individual employee time is especially importantRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . 269 Plateauing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Mentoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Health and Safety Issues in the Library . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Physical Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Job-Related Mental Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 Burnout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Violence and Crime

Spc2608 Exam Two Study Guide Free Essays

Chapter 24: Persuasive Speaking Goal: reach desired ends through an honest means I. Persuasion ‘the art’ –faculty of observing in a given case the available means of persuasion. Persuasion is symbolic, non-coercive (not forced) influence 3 factors: Context—social, cultural, political climate Agent—persuader Receiver—audience **Equal opp. We will write a custom essay sample on Spc2608 Exam Two Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now To persuade, Complete revelation of agendas—let audience know complete list of goals and how you intend to get audience there, Critical receivers—have to understand what’s being said Responsible agent—takes communication seriously Take responsibility for what is said and deal with consequences Fosters informed choice—gives all sides Appeals to the best in people—not the worst Consider receiver Aware of attempts to influence—be aware of motives Informed about important topics Know their own biases—know what predisposes us—careful not to engage in defensive listening Aware of methods of persuasion Influence the beliefs, attitude, and acts of others Focus on motivation: What motivates listeners? Make your message personally relevant Demonstrate the benefit of change Set modest goals Target issues the audience feels strongly about Establish credibility II. Speeches built upon argument, 3 forms of appeals: Logos, Ethos, Pathos Logos—appeal to reason or logic, *Aristotle wished that all appealing done through LOGOS *Our ability to articulate rationality, appealing to logic and using reasoning to persuade Ethos—credibility, moral character. To establish speaker credibility: * Present topics honestly, establish identification, commonality, and goodwill, use personal knowledge Pathos—emotional states of audience. Pride, love, anger etc. rive our actions–Done through vivid imagery **Aristotle said: Two main sources of immediate emotion= LOVE AND FEAR Syllogism— Major premise obvious statement Minor premiseextension of major premises logic Conclusionderived from above two MAIN ONE: All humans are mortal Socrates is human Socrates is mortal RHETORICAL SYLLOGISM=Enthymeme * Created by Aristotle * He claims that this communicates without saying EVERYTHING—audience can fill in blanks * Idea is that we can fill in the blank ourselves—that process is powerful—us persuading ourselves 3 cornerstones of ethical fitness: Credibility-confidence, character, ETHOS (as speaker)—worthy of trust *Makes people want to listen to us, tend to it with care Integrity—a state of incorruptibility—should signal that we are willing to avoid compromising the truth for the sake of personal expediency Stability—respect for others, cooperation, self-sacrifice Being audience centered—to whom and for whom, worthy, honored, and respected as individuals III. Target listener needs Maslow’s hierarchy of needs—each of us has a basic set of needs that range from crucial to self-improving. Ex. To convince one to use seatbelts, appeal to ones need for safety. basic needs: Physiological, Safety, Social, Self-esteem, and Self-actualization IV. Mental Engagement Central processing: seriously consider your message, more likely to act Peripheral processing: Lack motivation to judge argument based on merits—most likely won’t experience meaningful change **For Central processing Link argument to practical concerns, present message at appropriate level of understanding, demonstrate common bond, stress credibility V. Sound arguments—offer conclusion, evidence, link to reasoning Claim: states conclusion w/ evidence. A line of reasoning is called a warrant. Fact: Focus on truth/lie, what will/won’t happen—address issue with 2+ sides Value: Address judgment issues, right VS wrong Policy: recommend specific course of action—propose specific outcome Deductive reasoning: begin with general principle, use specifics, lead to conclusion Inductive: from specific to generalizations supported—evidence pointing to conclusion VI. Logical fallacy: false statement leading to invalid reasoning Begging the question—argument stated so that it cannot help but be true, even without evidence Bandwagoning—uses unsubstantiated opinion as false evidence Either-or—gives only two alternatives Ad hominem argument—targets a person and not the argument Red herring—relies on irrelevant premise for conclusion Hasty generalization—argument where, in an isolated incidence, it proves true and is used to make an unwarranted general conclusion Non sequitur—â€Å"does not follow† conclusion doesn’t = reasoning Slippery slope—fault assumption that one case will lead to events or actions Appeal to tradition—Suggest audience should agree b/c its â€Å"the way its always been† Addressing core values: Cultural norms, cultural premises, emotions **BE SENSITIVE VII. Monroe’s Motivated sequence: 5 step process, arouse listener attention + end with call of action—effective when you want audience to do something Step 1 attention, addresses core concerns, relevance, credibility, etc. Step 2 Need, describes issue at hand, shows importance of need Step 3 Satisfaction, identify solution—proposal Step 4 Visualization, vision of anticipated outcome Step 5 Action, ask audience to act in accordance to acceptance of message 4 pillars of character: Trustworthiness—being honest, revealing the true purpose. Honest and dependable Respect–recognize audience members are unique—NO PERSONAL ATTACKS, allow audience power of rational choice Responsibility—accountability for what we say and do—offering appropriate appeals Fairness—acknowledge all sides of issue—giving the audience enough information to make a decision **In addition—Caring and Citizenship Caring—being kind and compassionate Citizenship—doing our part as citizens Chapter 16: Using Language I. Style * Simplicity—translate jargon into common terms * Be concise—use fewer words, use repetition * Personal pronouns—Draw audience in, encourage involvement Concrete language VS Abstract Concrete: conveys specific and tangible meanings * Abstract: general, leaves meaning to interpretation Imagery—concrete language that paints pictures * Figures of speech: metaphors, similes, and analogies where words are used in nonliteral fashion to achieve rhetorical effect Code switching: selective use of dialect that can give your speech friendliness, humor, earthiness, nostalgia, etc. AVOID: * Malapropisms—incorrect uses of word where it sounds like it fits * Biased language * Unnecessary Jargon II. Voice—active, indicates subject relation to action Use culturally sensitive and gender-neutral language, shows respect for beliefs, norms, and traditions Repetition to create rhythm—repeating key words or phrases to create distinctive rhythm and enforce idea into minds of listeners * Anaphora: Repeated phrase at beginning of successive phrases/clauses/sent. Ex. I Have A Dream-MLK Alliteration for poetic quality—Repetition of same sounds in 2+ neighboring words * Ex. â€Å"Down with dope, up with hope†-Jesse Jackson Parallelism—arrangement of words/phrases in similar form Helps to emphasize important ideas of the speech, creates rhythm * Ex. Orally numbering points Device of antithesis (One small step for man, one giant leap for man kind) * Repeating a key word in intro, body, and conclusion Chapter 25: Speaking on special occasions Speech that is prepared for a purpose dictated by the occasion, can be informative or persuasive **Commemorative speech—pays tribute with fundamental purpose to inspire audience Employ imagery—stylistic devices, varied rhythm * Antithesis, alliteration, assonance * Hyperbole—deliberately overstating in a fanciful way * Analogy Use fresh language—avoid overused phrases, select words that capture the thought * Avoid monotony, vary rhythm, use humor When using humor: * Familiarize self with devices of humor—exaggeration, iron, anti-statement, joke telling * Analyze our own talents when delivering humorous speeches—focus on what other people think is funny about you, not what YOU think is funny * Avoid humor pitfalls—steer clear of anything offensive * Use humorous everyday experiences—relatable Consider audience—To whom/for whom we speak * Address audience in ways that will resonate with them * Use mood to craft an appropriate message ** Meaning is created in the nexus between speaker and audience I.Special Occasion Speech function To entertain, celebrate, commemorate, inspire or set social agenda * Entertain—listeners expect light-hearted, amusing speech. Speaker offers degree of insight on topic * Celebrate—Speaker praises subject of celebration—a degree of ceremony in accordance with norms of the occasion * Commemorate—offer tribute and memories * Inspire—ex. Inaugural address, key note speech, commencement—motivate by examples of achievement * Set social agenda—articulation of goal/group’s values, ex. Fundraisers, banquets, cause oriented gatherings II.Speech of Introduction: Warms up the audience for main speaker, heighten interest, and build credibility FOUR ELEMENTS background, subject of message, occasion, audience * Speaker background—achievements and facts showing why speaker is relevant * Subject, Preview topic—sense of why subject is of interest, does NOT evaluate speech or comment on it * Ask for audience welcome * Be brief—2 minute max. III. Speech of Acceptance—response to an award. Purpose: express gratitude for honor * Prepared in advance * Express what the award means to you, convey its value * Show gratitude, thank people by name IV. Speech of Presentation— (1) communicate meaning of the award and (2) Explain why recipient is receiving it Convey award’s meaning: what it is for and represents, mention sponsors and their link to the award Explain why recipient is receiving it: Highlight achievements, qualifying attributes, and why he deserves it Plan physical presentation: Consider logistics beforehand V. Roast/Toast, roast—humorous tribute that pokes fun, toast—short celebrating speech focused on achievement * Prepare: draft, rehearse, etc. but appear impromptu * Highlight traits: Limit to 1-2 best attributes that convey qualities hat make the person a focus of celebration * Be positive: have a positive tone as it pays tribute to honoree * Be brief VI. Eulogy/other, Eulogy derived from Greek words â€Å"to praise† Usually done by a close friend or family member of deceased Celebrates a person’s life, commemorating while consoling those left behind * Balance delivery and emotion—Audience is seeking guidance dealing with the loss, give them closure. * Refer to family of deceased—Show respect and mention names, as the funeral is primarily to benefit them * Be positive, but realistic: Emphasize deceased’s positive qualities, but avoid excess praise VII. After Dinner Speech—light hearted and entertaining; listeners are to gain insight into topic. Usually given at some time during a civil, business, or professional meeting as it is to follow a formal dinner * Recognize occasion—speech should be on topic to avoid appearing canned or used over and over in diff. settings. Keep remarks low key to be considerate to those eating VIII. Inspiration Speech—motivate listener to positively consider, reflect on, or act according to speaker’s words. Use emotional force; urge us towards purer motives reminding us of a common good. Appeal to emotions—(1) vivid description and (2) emotionally charged words * Use real stories—Examples of REAL people accomplishing goals and triumphing adversities * Be dynamic—inspire through delivery * Have clear goals * Distinctive organization device—help audience remember message Ex. Acronyms * Dramatic ending—inspires audience to feel or act Persuasion Aristotle, called persuasion â€Å"rhetoric† or â€Å"the art. † Defined as: â€Å"the faculty of observing in a given case the available means of persuasion. † Kenneth Burke: persuasionâ€Å"artful use of the resources of ambiguity. †¦Stay away from specifics; find ways to have the audience identify with the action or side that we want—much like advertising! **Think of â€Å"persuasion as enlightenment—as an opportunity to view a different perspective. †Ã¢â‚¬â€œA chance to create something from nothing by establishing new relationships by sharing experiences, and creating understanding in contentious issues. Ethical Persuasion: Ethical communication and persuasion are an ideal—our communication improves exponentially the closer we get to this ideal. The goal is to reach the desired ends through an honest means. **Persuasion is symbolic, non-coercive influence. Symbolic communication – language is our symbolic representation of reality–Non coercive=not forced, we have a choice. In order for persuasion to occur ethically the target of the persuasive message must have the perception of choice, they must understand that they have a choice whether or not to accept the persuasive appeal. In order for this perception of choice to be a reality, several conditions must be met, if these conditions are not met, then the communicative act is coercion not persuasion. Checklist for responsible persuasion–should do before we engage—ethically, we should aim to ensure certain characteristics/qualities exist. The three factors: I. Context – where, the climate—cultural, political II. Agent – the persuader III. Receiver – audience I. Context (three conditions that must be met for ethical persuasion) 1. Both/All sides should have equal opportunity to persuade (if we only hear one side we have no choice! ) and ALL sides should have equal access to communication media (but in most cases one needs money for this). 2. There should be complete revelation of agendas—each side must notify the audience of its true aims and goals and say how it intends to go about achieving them. This means that you must tell the audience where you want to take them eventually, not just steps along the way—they should know your ultimate aim, so you should divulge aim. 3. The third condition, and most important, is that there must be critical receivers, receivers who test the assertions and evidence available. To be ethical communication there must be people who can evaluate what is being said—an informed public with tools to analyze, or the speaker/agent should provide them tools. It is both the speaker and audiences fault because no one wants to take the time to learn, work, critically evaluate, etc. II. Agent 1. The responsible agent takes communication seriously and is prepared to take responsibility for what is said and to deal with the consequences. 2. Responsible communication fosters informed choice. We should aim to give the audience both sides of the issues we are advocating—to give them all the information that is available and then inform them why our side is better. 3.The responsible agent appeals to the best in people, not the worst. We must be careful not to take advantage of an audience’s fears, ignorance, or biases—if people are coerced they’ll jump ship later. III. Receiver (four things to consider) 1. Responsible receivers are aware of attempts to influence. We must be alert, critical, and constantly aware of the motives of the messages around us and attempts to persuade. 2. Responsible receivers stay informed about important topics. Issues affecting us must be investigated so that we are ready when persuasive messages hit us.  We are the engines of democracy; we must be critical and involved 3. Responsible receivers know their own biases. We must avoid defending against messages simply because a message is unpleasant and or challenges what we believe. We must know what predisposes us to look at things in a certain way, and be careful not to engage in selective listening, etc. This helps us to keep from immediately discounting information. 4. Responsible receivers are aware of methods of persuasion—so we should study and learn methods of persuasion (which you are doing now! ). How to cite Spc2608 Exam Two Study Guide, Essay examples